Geraniums, scientifically known as Pelargonium, are popular flowering plants loved for their vibrant blooms, aromatic foliage, and ease of care. Often confused with true geraniums (Geranium genus), these plants are actually pelargoniums but are widely known and sold as geraniums. They are native to South Africa and come in various types, including zonal, ivy, scented, and regal geraniums, each offering unique characteristics for your garden.

Ideal Growing Conditions:

• Sunlight: Geraniums thrive in full sun, needing at least 6-8 hours of direct sunlight daily to bloom profusely. While they can tolerate partial shade, especially in hotter climates, they may produce fewer flowers and become leggy.
• Soil: They prefer well-draining soil that is moderately fertile. A slightly acidic to neutral pH between 6.0 and 7.0 is ideal. For containers, use a good-quality potting mix. In garden beds, amend heavy clay soil with compost or other organic matter to improve drainage.
• Watering: Geraniums are relatively drought-tolerant once established, but they appreciate consistent moisture. Water thoroughly when the top inch of soil feels dry, and allow the soil to dry out slightly between waterings. Overwatering can lead to root rot, especially in containers.
• Temperature: Geraniums are warm-weather plants and thrive in temperatures between 60°F to 80°F (15°C to 27°C). They are sensitive to frost and should be protected or brought indoors when temperatures drop below 50°F (10°C).

Planting Geraniums:

• Starting from Cuttings or Plants: Geraniums are easily propagated from cuttings, but purchasing established plants from nurseries is more common for home gardeners.
• Spacing: When planting geraniums in garden beds or containers, space them 8-12 inches apart to allow for good air circulation and growth.
• Planting Time: The best time to plant geraniums outdoors is in the spring after the last frost.

Choosing Pots:

• Suitable Pot Types: Geraniums do well in terracotta, ceramic, or plastic pots. Terracotta pots are particularly beneficial as they allow for better aeration and drainage, which geraniums prefer. Plastic pots are also suitable and retain moisture well, but ensure good drainage.
• Drainage: Regardless of the pot material, drainage is crucial. Ensure pots have drainage holes to prevent water from sitting at the bottom, which can cause root rot.
• Pot Size: Choose pots that are proportionate to the size of the geranium plant. For individual plants, pots that are 6-12 inches in diameter are generally appropriate. For larger displays, consider window boxes or larger containers.
• Potting Mix: Use a well-draining potting mix specifically formulated for containers. You can also amend regular potting mix with perlite or vermiculite to improve drainage.

Care Tips:

• Fertilizing: Geraniums are moderate feeders. Fertilize monthly during the growing season with a balanced liquid fertilizer diluted to half strength. Avoid over-fertilizing, which can lead to lush foliage at the expense of flowers.
• Deadheading: Regularly remove spent flowers (deadheading) to encourage continuous blooming throughout the season. Pinching off faded blooms just below the flower head will promote new buds.
• Pruning: Light pruning can help maintain the shape of geraniums and encourage bushier growth. Remove any yellow or brown leaves and leggy stems.
• Overwintering: In areas with cold winters, geraniums are not hardy. You can overwinter them indoors by bringing potted geraniums inside before the first frost. Place them in a cool, bright location and reduce¹ watering. Alternatively, you can take cuttings in late summer to root indoors over winter and plant out in spring.

Varieties of Geraniums (Pelargoniums):

• Zonal Geraniums: The most common type, known for their “zones” of darker color on the leaves and upright growth.
• Ivy Geraniums: Trailing varieties perfect for hanging baskets and window boxes, with ivy-shaped leaves.
• Scented Geraniums: Grown for their fragrant leaves, which release scents like lemon, rose, or mint when touched.
• Regal Geraniums: Also known as Martha Washington geraniums, they feature large, showy flowers but are more sensitive to heat.

In summary, Geraniums (Pelargoniums) are a fantastic choice for adding long-lasting color to your garden, patio, or balcony. Their resilience, variety, and vibrant blooms make them a rewarding plant for both novice and experienced gardeners. By providing them with plenty of sunlight, well-drained soil, and regular care, you can enjoy their beauty throughout the growing season.

For more detailed information, you can visit the Wikipedia page on Pelargonium.